Middle+Age

__**Activity #2- Power Points**__ __**Part 1**__ The Roman Empire fell because of the Black Plague, brought on by trade, and from other outside attacks.
 * 1. What two reasons did the Roman empire cease to be a powerful empire?**

Nobody was above the law, not even the king, and the Laws that were written down must be respected.
 * 2. Name two examples of Rule of Law.**

Manoralism was their economic system. People formed small communities around a central lord or master. Most of the live in Manors, which included castles, the church, the village, and surrounding farmland. They were isolated for safety or defense.
 * 3. What was the economic system of the Middle Ages in Europe?**

They would let serfs work their land, and in return, they would protect them.
 * 4. Under Feudalism, what responsibility does a knight have? What does he give in return?**

William of Normandy invaded England in 1066.
 * 5. In what year did William of Normandy invade England?**

They were a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East.
 * 6. What were the Crusades?**

The Classical Era was described the time of Greece and Rome. It was from 500 BC to 600 AD. It was signed in 1215.
 * 7. What era (time period) describes the time of Greece and Rome?**
 * 8. What year was the Magna Carta signed?**

To act like trade schools and YMCAs, transcribed the bible, and because there were no strong empires or kingdoms, the church was one one organization that had respect and power, the popes were more powerful than the kings!
 * 9. What was the churches role during the Middle Ages?**

__**Part 2**__ __**Define:**__
 * Dark Ages:** (500 CE- 1000 CE) The time when the forces of darkness (barbarians) overwhelmed the forces of light (Romans).
 * Barbarian:** A person in savage, primitive state; uncivilized person.
 * Heresy:** Holding beliefs that contradict the official religion.
 * Monks:** People who gave up worldly possessions and devoted themselves to a religious life.
 * Justinian Code:** "Body of Civil Law" It defined the civil law in the middle ages and the modern world.
 * Salic Law:** A specific financial value to everyone and everything.
 * Primogeniture:** A system where the eldest son inherited everything.
 * Fief:** Land given by a lord in return for a vassal's military service and oath of loyalty.
 * Tithe:** Tax/rent that serfs paid.
 * Serf:** Rural slave who work the land and provided labour for owner in return for protection.
 * Corvee:** The condition of unpaid labour by serfs.

__**Who were:**__
 * St. Augustine:** He wrote "Confessions" which discussed deals of ethics, self knowledge, and the role of free will which shaped monastic tradition and the influence of the church.


 * Justinian the Great:** He was a Byzantine Emperor, who ruled from 527-565 CE, his goal was to reunite the Roman world as a Christian Empire and suppress all paganism.He ordered the codification of Roman laws in the Justinian Code, he crushed the Nika Riot with the help of his wife Theodora, and during his reign, Latin was the official language of the Byzantine Empire, but was later changed to Greek.


 * Clovis l:** He was the leader in 481 CE, he united Frankish tribes and expanded territory, and he wrote the Salic Law.


 * Charlemagne:** He was a military general who restored Pope Leo III who had been exiled, he became the first ruler of the Holy Roman Empire which lasted for more than 700 years, he also ordered the Standardization of Latin.


 * William the Conqueror:** He was the King of England from 1066 to his death. He was also William ll, the Duke of Normandy, from 1035 to his death.

__**Questions:**__ Barbarians were uncivilized people who were granted land with the Roman Empire by Emperors in return for military service. It was the same barbarians who eventually became the new rulers.
 * Who were the barbarians and what did they do?**

Kings or Emperors would look to the church to supply educated administrators to help run their kindoms and in return the kings/emperors would enforce laws that prohibited other religions.
 * What was the relationship between Church and King?**

It was the religious practice where people gave up their worldly possessions to fully devote themselves to a religious life.
 * What is Monasticism?**

It worked because of the notion of mutual obligation, or voluntary cooperation from serf to noble.
 * How did Feudalism work?**

Also known as Black Death, was a deadly disease that was spread by fleas and rats which killed about a third of Europe's population (est. 34 million people). It caused a massive depopulation and change in social structure, weakened the influence of the church, and even though it was originated in Asia, it was blamed on the Jews and Lepers.
 * What was the plague and what was its effects?**

I think the most important factor was idea, because of the kings/emperors who created laws and (re)united people etc.
 * What do you think was the most important idea, invention, or figure from this time and why?**

__**Part 3**__ It was a system that included all aspects of life, social, political, and economic. Because the middle ages were such a dark time for Europe, Near constant invasions and scant resources required that Europeans developed a new system for living. This was the system.
 * 1. What is Feudalism?**

The Economic portion of Feudalism was centered around the Lodr's estates or manor, which is called Manorialism. A Lord's Manor consisted of peasant villages, a church, farm land, a mill, and the Lord's castle or manor home.
 * 2. What is Manorialism?**

Spiritual: Religion was the main part of life for the people in the midievil times, from baptism to marriage. Secular: Since the church was the social center of the village, it also had economic and political power. The church was the largest landholder, it gained wealth and had its own laws and courts which often clashed with Kings' authority. Some church preists also ran schools.
 * 3. What was the role of the church?**

The reasons for crusades were: So the Pope could increase his power, christians believed that it was their duty to recover the Holy Land, Nobles wanted to gain weath, adventurers sought travel and excitement, and serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression. The impact of the crusades were: Cultural Diffusion, and an increase in trade.
 * 4. What were the reasons and impact of crusades?**

The impact was that since they were established in towns, the population increased to eventually turn into cities. It fundamentally altered the way people lived, and it marked the beginning of the end of Feudalism. Serfs began to pay their feudal obligations with money instead of service.
 * 5. What was the impact of trade fairs?**

(means 'rebirth) It was a golden age in the arts, literature, and sciences. Instead of people thinking about life after death, they thought of Humanism, focussing on life in the present and emphasized individual achievements. Ancient knowledge was rediscovered and the classical period of the Greeks and Romans were glorified. It started in Italy because of their urban centers, their wealthy merchant class, and their classical heritage.
 * 6. What is the Renaissance and why did it start in Italy?**

The new outlook during the Renaissance was patrons of Arts, Renaissance man and woman, and their enjoyment of worldly pleasures.
 * 7. What was the new outlook during the Renaissance?**

Art: Some of the greatest paintings, sculptures, and architecture in the history of the world, and the art was detailed, realistic, and reflected the study of human anatomy. Literature: Dante wrote the Divine Comedy, and Shakespeare wrote many plays.
 * 8. Give two examples of art and literature from during the Renaissance.**

More books became available, Gutenberg was able to print the Bible, Literacy increased, and ideas spread rapidly.
 * 9. What was the impact of the printing press?**

The Reformation was the loss of religious and political unity in Western Europe.
 * 10. What was the Reformation?**

Protestantism began in 1517, when a German monk, Martin Luther, posted his famous 95 Theses against indulgences. It promoted the radical idea that faith in God alone, not the Pope, granted pardon for sins, which sparked Protestant Reformation.
 * 11. What was Protestantism?**

The Counter Reformation was a reform movement that also took place in the Catholic Church. It was to strengthen the Catholic Church and keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism. Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits, which were missionaries who helped spread Catholicism around the world.
 * 12. What was the Counter Reformation?**